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Book censorship is the removal of a book from the shelf of a library. It can be enacted at the national or subnational level, and can carry legal penalties. Books may also be challenged at a local community level, although successful bans do not extend outside that area. Similarly, religions may issue lists of banned books—a historical example being the Roman Catholic Church's ''Index Librorum Prohibitorum''—which do not always carry legal force. ==Background== "Almost every country places some restrictions on what may be published, although the emphasis and the degree of control differ from country to country and at different periods."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CENSORSHIP OF BOOKS )〕 There are a variety of reasons for which books may be banned. Materials are often suppressed due to the perceived notion of obscenity. This obscenity can apply to materials that are about sexuality, race, drugs, or social standing.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About Banned & Challenged Books )〕 The censorship of literature on the charge of obscenity appears to have begun in the early 19th century.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=USF NetID Single-SignOn - University of South Florida )〕 The rise of the middle class, who had evangelical backgrounds, brought about this concern with obscenity.〔 Governments have also sought to ban certain books which they perceive to contain material that could threaten, embarrass, or criticize them.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Banned Books Online )〕 Other leaders outside of the government have banned books, including religious authorities. Church leaders who prohibit members of their faith from reading the banned books may want to shelter them from perceived obscene, immoral, or profane ideas or situations or from ideas that may challenge the teaching of that religion.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=USF NetID Single-SignOn - University of South Florida )〕 But even religious materials have been subject to censorship. For example, various scriptures have been banned (and sometimes burned at several points in history). The Bible, and other religious scriptures have all been subjected to censorship and have been banned by various governments. Similarly, books based on the scriptures have also been banned, such as Leo Tolstoy's ''The Kingdom of God Is Within You'', which was banned in the Russian Empire for being anti-establishment.〔http://sitemaker.umich.edu/globalnonviolence/files/tolstoy.pdf〕 Banning of a book, ironically often has the effect of making people seek out the book.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Could Banning Books Actually Encourage More Readers? )〕 The action of banning the book creates an interest in the book which has the opposite effect of making the work more popular.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「book censorship」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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